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Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen. [citation needed]
RARs mediate transcription of different sets of genes controlling differentiation of a variety of cell types, thus the target genes regulated depend upon the target cells. [8] In some cells, one of the target genes is the gene for the retinoic acid receptor itself ( RAR-beta in mammals), which amplifies the response. [ 9 ]
The primary dietary form is retinol, which may have a fatty acid molecule attached, creating a retinyl ester, when stored in the liver. Retinol – the transport and storage form of vitamin A – is interconvertible with retinal, catalyzed to retinal by retinol dehydrogenases and back to retinol by retinaldehyde reductases.
Short title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Author: CDC: Date and time of digitizing: 03:51, 13 May 2009: Software used: PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2
Retinyl esters can be distinguished from retinol in serum and other tissues and quantified with the use of methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography. [21] Elevated amounts of retinyl ester (i.e., >10% of total circulating vitamin A) in the fasting state have been used as markers for chronic hypervitaminosis A in humans and monkeys ...
The major source of retinoids in human diet are plant pigments such as carotenes and retinyl esters derived from animal sources. [15] Retinyl esters are transported through the chylomicron pathway to the liver or fat tissue while retinol or carotenes are transported from the enterocytes to the liver and are processed into retinyl esters by LRAT ...
Retinol, also called vitamin A 1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [3]
Precautionary statements are one of the key elements for the labelling of containers under the GHS, along with: [4] an identification of the product; one or more hazard pictograms (where necessary) a signal word – either Danger or Warning – where necessary; hazard statements, indicating the nature and degree of the risks posed by the product