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Sodium cuprate(III) NaCuO 2 can be produced by using hypochlorites or hypobromites to oxidize copper hydroxide under alkaline and low temperature conditions. [5] 2 NaOH + CuSO 4 → Cu(OH) 2 ↓ Cu(OH) 2 + 2 NaOH + NaClO → 2 NaCuO 2 + NaCl + H 2 O. Cuprates(III) are not stable in water, and they can oxidize water as well. [5] 4 CuO − 2 + 2 ...
Hygroscopic / deliquescent fluids with a high dilution capacity in water, such as LiBr usually also show a high saturation temperature / low saturation pressure. In other words, the deliquescent fluid can condense vapor at a higher temperature. This means that the temperature of the concentrated hygroscopic fluid entering the absorber can be ...
The corrosion rate of copper in most drinkable waters is less than 2.5 μm/year, at this rate a 15 mm tube with a wall thickness of 0.7 mm would last for about 280 years. In some soft waters the general corrosion rate may increase to 12.5 μm/year, but even at this rate it would take over 50 years to perforate the same tube.
The equilibrium fraction of decomposed molecules increases with the temperature. Since thermal decomposition is a kinetic process, the observed temperature of its beginning in most instances will be a function of the experimental conditions and sensitivity of the experimental setup.
The specific heat of the human body calculated from the measured values of individual tissues is 2.98 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1. This is 17% lower than the earlier wider used one based on non measured values of 3.47 kJ · kg−1· °C−1.
This quantity with the dimension of time is useful because it is independent of concentration. The quantity 1/k, also with dimension of time, equal to the half life divided by 0.6932, is known as the residence time or time constant. [77] The residence time for water exchange varies from about 10 −10 s for Cs + to about 10 +10 s (more than 200 ...
Metallic sodium is generally less reactive than potassium and more reactive than lithium. [20] Sodium metal is highly reducing, with the standard reduction potential for the Na + /Na couple being −2.71 volts, [21] though potassium and lithium have even more negative potentials. [22]
This prevents any current in the protective conductor while the applied voltage is less than 1.4 V (i.e. 0.7 V per diode), but allows a full current in the case of an electrical fault. There will still be a very minor leakage of current through the diodes, which may result in slightly faster corrosion than normal.