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The island is called Saaremaa in modern Estonian and Saarenmaa in Finnish — literally "land of the isle" or "land of the island", [3] i.e. the same as the ancient Scandinavian name for the island. The old Scandinavian name is also the origin of the island's name in Danish Øsel, German and Swedish Ösel, Gutnish Oysl, and in Latin, Osilia.
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Saaremaa was the wealthiest county of ancient Estonia and the home of notorious Estonian pirates, sometimes called the Eastern Vikings. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia describes a fleet of sixteen ships and five hundred Oeselians ravaging the area that is now southern Sweden, then belonging to Denmark.
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The inhabitants of Saaremaa (Ösel) are also mentioned in a number of historic written sources dating from the Estonian Viking Age. On the eve of Northern Crusades , the people then residing in Saaremaa were described in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle : "The Oeselians , neighbors to the Kurs ( Curonians ), are surrounded by the sea and never ...
Saarenmaa is located on the border area of the register villages (rekisterikylä) of Vesanka, Korttajärvi and Palokka.[4] [5] The eponymous farm of Saarenmaa was officially located in the village of Vesanka and was established in 1837.
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According to a theory proposed by Lennart Meri, it is possible that Saaremaa was the legendary Thule island, first mentioned by ancient Greek geographer Pytheas, whereas the name "Thule" could have been connected to the Finnic word tule ("(of) fire") and the folklore of Estonia, which depicts the birth of the crater lake in Kaali. Kaali was ...