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The 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, commonly abbreviated as UUD 1945 or UUD '45) is the supreme law and basis for all laws of Indonesia.
The 1945 Constitution is the highest legal instrument in Indonesia, to which the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government must defer. The constitution was written in July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese occupation toward the end of World War II .
The second conference of the BPUPK, from July 10th to the 17th, 1945. In accordance with the advice of the Committee of Nine, the BPUPK held its second (and final) session from 10 to 17 July 1945 under Sukarno's leadership. The aim was to discuss issues related to the constitution, including the draft preamble contained in the Jakarta Charter. [11]
On 27 December 1949, following the handover of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia (RUSI), the Federal Constitution of 1949 replaced the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia. However over the next few months, there appeared a groundswell of public opinion for a return to a unitary state.
The 1945 Constitution was restored by a Presidential Decree on 5 July 1959 to address the Konstituante failure to set the replacement of the 1950 Constitution. In the New Order regime, the authority committed to not to amend the constitution, as they perceived the constitution as final and stated its "sanctity" should be protected.
The original Constitution of Indonesia, written in 1945, did not include specific provisions for DPRD, deferring local government to later laws. [6] Shortly after the proclamation of Indonesian independence in August 1945, ad-hoc regional committees would be established at the instigation of the national Central Indonesian National Committee. [7]
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika included in the National emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia.It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda's claws.
The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, abbreviated as PPKI; Japanese: 独立準備委員会, Hepburn: Dokuritsu Junbi Īnkai) was a body established on 7 August 1945 to prepare for the transfer of authority from the occupying Japanese to Indonesia.