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Pilum. The pilum (Latin: [ˈpiːɫʊ̃]; pl.: pila) was a javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times. It was generally about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long overall, consisting of an iron shank about 7 mm (0.28 in) in diameter and 600 mm (24 in) long with a pyramidal head, attached to a wooden shaft by either a socket or a flat tang.
The pilum in the late Republic consisted of a pyramidal iron head atop a 60–90 centimetre long soft iron shank, which was attached to a wooden shaft. [45] Once the pilum struck a hard surface, the unhardened iron shank would buckle under the weight of the shaft; this prevented the enemy from throwing it back. The pilum's narrow point, long ...
This was the second natural disaster in Italy in the fall of 2022, after eleven people were killed by flash floods in the central region of Marche in September after torrential rains due to Storm Ana. [3] The area has also seen disasters in the past, with an earthquake in 2017 and seventy-two landslides were registered between 2018 and 2021.
On the partially damaged block is a dedication to the deified Augustus and Livia (the Augustan gods or "Divine Augusti"), the stepfather and mother of emperor Tiberius, originally placed within a Tiberieum, probably a temple dedicated to Tiberius.
These typically show more regional variation in style than large and more official works, and also stylistic preferences between different classes. [ 25 ] Roman marble sarcophagi mostly date from the 2nd to the 4th century CE, [ 26 ] after a change in Roman burial customs from cremation to inhumation , and were mostly made in a few major cities ...
Experts working in the Tomb of Cerberus in Giugliano, an area in Naples, unsealed a 2,000-year-old sarcophagus. Inside they found the remains of a shockingly well-preserved body lying face-up and ...
Italy's Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini (C), flanked by his Italian lawyer Giulia Bongiorno (L), addresses media at the Bunker Courtroom of the Pagliarelli prison in Palermo, on December 20 ...
A typical throwing pilum has a weight of 1kg to 1.5kg, heavier pilum as mentioned in the javeline article "Pictorial evidence suggests that some versions of the weapon were weighted with a lead ball at the base of the shank " where usually training weapons or the "lead ball" is not a ball but a crest with some insignia, e.g. on a guards pilum.