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Pulmonary agenesis is an inborn lung underdevelopment that is rare and potentially lethal. [1] The disorder is caused by a complete developmental arrest of the primitive lung during embryonic life, and it is often associated with other developmental defects. [2]
Incidence of congenital malformations associated with tracheal agenesis. Results were obtained from a total of 32 individual case studies. [11]The classic in-utero symptoms of tracheal agenesis are an absence of the trachea leading to congenital high airway obstruction syndrome, [12] [13] lung distention, polyhydramnios, heart malformations, heart displacement and hydrops fetalis.
Pulmonary artery agenesis refers to a rare congenital absence of pulmonary artery due to a malformation in the sixth aortic arch. It can occur bilaterally, with both left and right pulmonary arteries being absent, or unilaterally, the absence of either left or right pulmonary artery (UAPA).
Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies, also known as Ivemark syndrome and right atrial isomerism, [1] is an example of a heterotaxy syndrome.These uncommon congenital disorders are characterized by defects in the heart, spleen and paired organs such as the lungs and kidneys.
Medical diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia in utero may use imaging, usually ultrasound or MRI. [12] [13] The extent of hypoplasia is a very important prognostic factor. [14]One study of 147 fetuses (49 normal, 98 with abnormalities) found that a simple measurement, the ratio of chest length to trunk length, was a useful predictor of postnatal respiratory distress. [15]
Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare, congenital diffuse lung disease characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the lungs that cause highly elevated pulmonary blood pressure and an inability to effectively oxygenate and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation in a fetus, ultrasound at 19 weeks - transverse. Stomach on left image; heart on right image: displaced to right by cystic mass. The earliest point at which a CPAM can be detected is by prenatal ultrasound. The classic description is of an echogenic lung mass that gradually disappears over subsequent ...
Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate) Metaplasia (conversion in cell type) Neoplasia (abnormal proliferation) Prosoplasia (development of new cell function) Abiotrophy (loss in vitality of organ or tissue) Atrophy (reduced functionality of an organ, with decrease in the number or volume of cells)