Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Hydroskimming is one of the simplest types of refinery used in the petroleum industry [1] and still represents a large proportion of refining facilities, particularly in developing countries. [2] A hydroskimming refinery is defined as a refinery equipped with atmospheric distillation , naphtha reforming and necessary treating processes. [ 3 ]
A typical fluid catalytic cracking unit in a petroleum refinery. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils) into gasoline, alkene gases, and other petroleum products.
Hydrocracking is a catalytic cracking process assisted by the presence of added hydrogen gas. Unlike a hydrotreater, hydrocracking uses hydrogen to break C–C bonds (hydrotreatment is conducted prior to hydrocracking to protect the catalysts in a hydrocracking process). In 2010, 265 million tons of petroleum was processed with this technology.
During the reforming reactions, the carbon number of the reactants remains unchanged, except for hydrocracking reactions which break down the hydrocarbons. The hydrocracking of paraffins is the only one of the above four major reforming reactions that consumes hydrogen. The isomerization of normal paraffins does not consume or produce hydrogen.
Hydroprocessing is a catalytic term relating to the processes of hydrocracking and hydrotreating. [1] These process are for the removal of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and metals from crude oil, this is done in the refining of fuel to enable lower sulfur levels in fuels. [2] [3] [4] [5]
A schematic diagram of a Visbreaker unit. The term coil (or furnace) visbreaking is applied to units where the cracking process occurs in the furnace tubes (or "coils")."). Material exiting the furnace is quenched to halt the cracking reactions: frequently this is achieved by heat exchange with the virgin material being fed to the furnace, which in turn is a good energy efficiency step, but ...
Steamcracker II at the BASF site in Ludwigshafen/Germany. Steam cracking is a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons.
Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is a biofuel made by the hydrocracking or hydrogenation of vegetable oil.Hydrocracking breaks big molecules into smaller ones using hydrogen while hydrogenation adds hydrogen to molecules.