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Automatic block signaling (ABS), spelled automatic block signalling or called track circuit block (TCB [1]) in the UK, is a railroad communications system that consists of a series of signals that divide a railway line into a series of sections, called blocks. The system controls the movement of trains between the blocks using automatic signals.
D-ATC indicator used on the E233 series trains. The digital ATC system uses the track circuits to detect the presence of a train in the section and then transmits digital data from wayside equipment to the train on the track circuit numbers, the number of clear sections (track circuits) to the next train ahead, and the platform that the train will arrive at.
The terms rail anchors, tie plates, chairs and track fasteners are used to refer to parts or all of a rail fastening system. The components of a rail fastening system may also be known collectively as other track material, or OTM for short. Various types of fastening have been used over the years.
The system is set up by having an axle counter sensor installed at each end of a section. As each train axle passes the axle counter sensor at the start of the section, a counter increments. An axle counter sensor comprises two independent sensors (so the device can detect the direction and speed of a train by the order and time in which the ...
ATP switchboard in a Taiwan Railways Administration DR2700 series carriage Automatic Train Protection notice on a First Great Western InterCity 125. Automatic train protection (ATP) is the generic term for train protection systems that continually check that the speed of a train is compatible with the permitted speed allowed by signalling, including automatic stop at certain signal aspects.
This is a system for use on single track railways, which requires neither the use of tokens nor provision of continuous train detection through the section. The signalling is designed in such a way that the controlling signals will only allow one train to enter the line at any one time.
TPWS was developed by British Rail and its successor Railtrack, following a determination in 1994 that British Rail's Automatic Train Protection system was not economical, costing £600,000,000 equivalent to £979,431,929 in 2019 to implement, compared to value in lives saved: £3-£4 million (4,897,160 - 6,529,546 in 2019), per life saved, which was estimated to be 2.9 per year.
Primarily, Kavach works on the principle of continuous supervision of the movement authority and is designed to maintain train speed within the specified limits and can automatically apply brakes to slow down or to bring the train to a complete standstill, in case the Loco Pilots violates the speed restrictions or fails to act in time to prevent Signal Passed At Danger (SPAD); thereby reducing ...