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One solution is a "shadow" password file to hold the password hashes separate from the other data in the world-readable passwd file. For local files, this is usually /etc/shadow on Linux and Unix systems, or /etc/master.passwd on BSD systems; each is readable only by root. (Root access to the data is considered acceptable since on systems with ...
Kali Linux is a Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. [4] It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security . [ 5 ] The software is based on the Debian Testing branch: most packages Kali uses are imported from the Debian repositories . [ 6 ]
Hydra (or THC Hydra) is a parallelized network login cracker built into various operating systems like Kali Linux, Parrot and other major penetration testing environments. [2] It was created as a proof of concept tool, for security researchers to demonstrate how easy it can be to crack logins.
In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password ...
KeePass Password Safe is a free and open-source password manager primarily for Windows. It officially supports macOS and Linux operating systems through the use of Mono . [ 1 ] Additionally, there are several unofficial ports for Windows Phone , Android , iOS , and BlackBerry devices, which normally work with the same copied or shared (remote ...
crypt is a POSIX C library function. It is typically used to compute the hash of user account passwords. The function outputs a text string which also encodes the salt (usually the first two characters are the salt itself and the rest is the hashed result), and identifies the hash algorithm used (defaulting to the "traditional" one explained below).
Enhanced symmetric encryption utilities are available for Linux (and should also be portable to any other Unix-like system) including mcrypt and ccrypt. [4] While these provide support for much more sophisticated and modern algorithms, they can be used to encrypt [ 5 ] and decrypt files which are compatible with the traditional crypt(1) command ...
Tails, or "The Amnesic Incognito Live System", is a security-focused Debian-based Linux distribution aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity against surveillance. [5] It connects to the Internet exclusively through the anonymity network Tor. [6]