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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.Approaches that have been evaluated in the management of ADHD symptoms include FDA-approved pharmacologic treatment and other pharmaceutical agents, psychological or behavioral approaches, combined pharmacological and behavioral approaches, cognitive training ...
[14] [15] Accordingly, atomoxetine has been reported to attenuate the stimulant and rewarding effects of dextroamphetamine in humans. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to have no effect or to increase locomotor activity, at least under certain circumstances like novel environments.
Atomoxetine is sometimes used in the treatment of cognitive impairment and frontal lobe symptoms due to conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI). [48] [49] It is used to treat ADHD-like symptoms such as sustained attentional problems, disinhibition, [50] lack of arousal, fatigue, and depression, including symptoms from cognitive disengagement syndrome. [48]
More specifically, it looked at the effect of methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta), a stimulant, and atomoxetine (Strattera), a non-stimulant, on the brain.
Atomoxetine reaches C max 1 to 2 hours after administration. The bioavailability of atomoxetine after oral administration is 63-94%, it is dependent on individual differences in the first-pass metabolism. [18] Atomoxetine is widely distributed and is highly (98%) bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin.
Inhibiting the reuptake transport protein results in increased concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine in the synaptic clefts, leading to improvement of depression symptoms. TCAs were the first medications that had dual mechanism of action. The mechanism of action of tricyclic secondary amine antidepressants is only partly understood.
The skeletal structure of norepinephrine The skeletal structure of dopamine. A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a drug used for the treatment of clinical depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and the management of Parkinson's disease.
Norepinephrine Epinephrine. A norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI, NERI) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor or adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI), is a type of drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) by blocking the action of the norepinephrine transporter (NET).