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The Witwatersrand plateau consists of a 5 000-to-7 000-metre-thick (3.1–4.3 mi) layer of mainly sedimentary rocks laid down over a period of about 260 million years, starting approximately 2.97 billion years ago. [9]
The Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden, previously known as the Witwatersrand National Botanical Garden, is a 300 hectares (3.0 km 2) botanical reserve in western Roodepoort near Johannesburg. It was formally established in 1982 as the Transvaal National Botanic Gardens, at which time it was the 14th of South Africa's National Botanical ...
Table Mountain. The geology of South Africa is highly varied including cratons, greenstone belts, large impact craters as well as orogenic belts.The geology of the country is the base for a large mining sector that extracts gold, diamonds, iron and coal from world-class deposits.
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Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa known as the Highveld, at an elevation of 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). The former Central Business District is located on the southern side of the prominent ridge called the Witwatersrand (English: White Water's Ridge) and the terrain falls to the north and south.
The Confidence Reef is notable as the first site of a payable gold discovery on the Witwatersrand, an event that contributed to the establishment of Johannesburg, the "City of Gold.'' The discovery spurred the development of other major gold mines, including the Main Reef in 1886, one of the richest gold-bearing areas in history.
Like much of the African continent south of the Sahara, South Africa's landscape is dominated by a high Central Plateau surrounded by coastal lowlands. This plateau is rimmed by the Great Escarpment which extends northwards to about 10° south of the Equator (i.e. into Angola in the west, and the Muchinga Escarpment in Zambia in the east. [1])
Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geology; for example, in the [dubious – discuss] Witwatersrand there is Pilanesberg, a mountain having a different orogeny from the main range and its subranges.