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Urea plant using ammonium carbamate briquettes, Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, ca. 1930 Carl Bosch, 1927. The Bosch–Meiser process is an industrial process, which was patented in 1922 [1] and named after its discoverers, the German chemists Carl Bosch and Wilhelm Meiser [2] for the large-scale manufacturing of urea, a valuable nitrogenous chemical.
The fasil process (named from "formaldehyde silver") is an industrial method for producing formaldehyde from methanol, utilizing a silver catalyst. It is one of the two primary large-scale formaldehyde production methods, alongside the metal oxide process. [1] [2] The name fasil is a registered trademark owned by Dynea AS.
Urea-formaldehyde (UF), also known as urea-methanal, so named for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure, [1] is a nontransparent thermosetting resin or polymer. It is produced from urea and formaldehyde. These resins are used in adhesives, plywood, particle board, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), and molded objects.
The basic reaction of urea and formaldehyde to create a urea-formaldehyde resin, followed by the condensation [12] Urea-formaldehyde resins (UF) are a class of impregnation resins for wood modification made by reacting urea with formaldehyde. This resin can be polymerized after impregnation into the wood substrate by oven-curing.
Process flowsheeting is the use of computer aids to perform steady-state heat and mass balancing, sizing and costing calculations for a chemical process.It is an essential and core component of process design.
Industrially, formaldehyde is produced by catalytic oxidation of methanol. The most commonly used catalysts are silver metal or a mixture of an iron oxide with molybdenum and/or vanadium . In the recently more commonly used Formox process using iron oxide and molybdenum and/or vanadium, methanol and oxygen react at 300-400°C to produce ...
The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of Urea-formaldehyde are lower than those of Phenol formaldehyde adhesives. But Urea-formaldehyde adhesive is judged to have a nearly 50% higher life cycle impact than Phenol formaldehyde mainly because of acid based emissions during its production process. [15] [13]
The Wöhler synthesis is the conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea. This chemical reaction was described in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler. [1] It is often cited as the starting point of modern organic chemistry. Although the Wöhler reaction concerns the conversion of ammonium cyanate, this salt appears only as an (unstable) intermediate.