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The English term "rapier" comes from the French rapière and appears both in English and German, near-simultaneously, in the mid-16th century, for a light, long, pointed two-edged sword. It is a loan from Middle French espee rapiere , first recorded in 1474, a nickname meaning ' grater ' .
The executioner's sword with scabbard (17th - 18th century), kept by the Stadtmuseum Berlin Foundation . [38] Southern Europe. The sword of Saint Galgano (12th century), a medieval sword said to be of San Galgano embedded in a stone, located at the Montesiepi Chapel [it; es; fr] near the Abbey of San Galgano in Siena, Italy. [39]
The present chronology is a compilation that includes diverse and relatively uneven documents about different families of bladed weapons: swords, dress-swords, sabers, rapiers, foils, machetes, daggers, knives, arrowheads, etc..., with the sword references being the most numerous but not the unique included among the other listed references of the rest of bladed weapons.
All of the Islamic world during the 16th to 18th century, including the Ottoman Empire and Persia were influenced by the "scimitar" type of single-edged curved sword. Via the Mameluke sword this also gave rise to the European cavalry sabre. Terms for the "scimitar" curved sword: Kilij (Turkish) Pulwar (Afghanistan)
The term "hand-and-a-half sword" is modern (late 19th century). [9] During the first half of the 20th century, the term "bastard sword" was used regularly to refer to this type of sword, while "long sword" or "long-sword" referred to the rapier (in the context of Renaissance or Early Modern fencing). [10]
Stiletto (16th century but could be around the 14th) Modern. Bebut (Caucasus and Russia) Dirk (Scotland) Hunting dagger (18th-century Germany) Parrying dagger (17th- to 18th-century rapier fencing) Sgian-dubh (Scotland) Trench knife (WWI) Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife (British Armed Forces, WW2) Push dagger
With the 17th century came the popularity of the rapier and a new century of masters, including Salvator Fabris, Ridolfo Capoferro, and Francesco Antonio Marcelli. Unlike the manuals of the previous century, those written in the 17th century were generally restricted to covering only the rapier being used alone or with a companion arm (such as ...
More manuscripts survive from the 15th century, and during the 16th century the system was also presented in print, most notably by Joachim Meyer in 1570. The German tradition was largely eclipsed by the Italian school of rapier fencing by the early 17th century. Practitioners of the German school persisted at least until the end of the 18th ...