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Titanosauria have the largest range of body size of any sauropod clade, and includes both the largest known sauropods and some of the smallest. [25] One of the largest titanosaurs, Patagotitan, had a body mass estimated to be 69 tonnes (76 tons), whereas one of the smallest, Magyarosaurus, had a body mass of approximately 900 kilograms (2,000 lb).
A number of bulges for muscle attachment on the humerus were unique characteristics of Patagotitan. In a depression (fossa) on the front upper portion of the humerus, there was a pair of scars above each other, with the top one being wider than tall and the bottom one being taller than wide; this was where the coracobrachialis muscle inserted.
The holotype vertebrae of Titanosaurus indicus were discovered during an exploration to Jabalpur in 1828 by Capt William Henry Sleeman of the East India Company army. He was one among many explorations for fossils initially carried out by army personnel, medical doctors and priests who chanced upon them just by being “fairly literate and mobile at the time”.
Titanosaurs belong to Titanosauria, a group of sauropods found throughout the Late Jurassic through Cretaceous Periods. Some of the later species had body armor. Some of the later species had body armor.
Dreadnoughtus is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur containing a single species, Dreadnoughtus schrani. D. schrani is known from two partial skeletons discovered in Upper Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian; approximately 76–70 Ma) rocks of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
The Tiamat holotype specimen was discovered in sediments of the Açu Formation in the Potiguar Basin of Ceará state, Brazil.The specimen consists of nine fragmentary caudal vertebrae from the beginning and middle of the tail, deposited in the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. [1]
The few exceptions of smaller size are hypothesized to be caused by island dwarfism, or other ecological pressures, although there is a trend in some Titanosauria towards a smaller size. The titanosaurs, however, were some of the largest sauropods ever. Other than titanosaurs, diplodocoids also reached truly gigantic sizes.
Andesaurus (/ ˌ æ n d ə ˈ s ɔːr ə s / AN-də-SOR-əs; "Andes lizard") is a genus of basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur which existed during the middle of the Cretaceous Period in South America.