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Between 24 October and 23 November 1939, a total of 42,492 Polish prisoners of war were transferred from Kozelsk and Putyvl camps across the Nazi–Soviet demarcation line and handed over to the Germans. [10] Both Gestapo and NKVD expected the emergence of Polish resistance and discussed ways of dealing with the clandestine activities of the Poles.
The NKVD had to open dozens of ad-hoc prison sites in almost all towns of the region. [28] The wave of arrests and mock convictions contributed to the forced resettlement of large categories of people (" kulaks ", Polish civil servants, forest workers, university professors, " osadniks ") to the Gulag labour camps and exile settlements in ...
In 1933, Lehmann joined the Gestapo. The NKVD code name for the Gestapo was Apotheke (pharmacy). In the Gestapo, Lehmann became director of the division combating Soviet espionage. Thanks to Lehmann's information, the Soviets were able to free their agent Arnold Deutsch, who later recruited Kim Philby. [3] Lehmann joined the SS in 1934.
Gestapo–NKVD conferences: Multiple cities Poland: September 1939 - March 1940 Gestapo and the NKVD officials German–Soviet bilateral planning for Polish nationals in occupied territories Salzburg Conference: Salzburg Slovak State: July 28, 1940 Tiso, Hitler Slovak capitulation to German demands Berlin Pact Conference: Berlin Nazi Germany
Initially aimed primarily at possible political opponents, by January 1940 the NKVD aimed its campaign also at its potential allies, including the Polish communists and socialists. Among the arrested were Władysław Broniewski , Aleksander Wat , Tadeusz Peiper , Leopold Lewin , Anatol Stern , Teodor Parnicki , Marian Czuchnowski and many others.
Employees of Trzynastka in the street Building at 93 Solidarność Avenue, formerly 13 Leszno Street, in Warsaw, 2014, which was in 1940–1941 the HQ of Trzynastka. The Group 13 network (Polish: Trzynastka, Yiddish: דאָס דרײַצענטל) was a Jewish collaborationist organization in the Warsaw Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.
NKVD Order № 00439, signed by Nikolai Yezhov on July 25, 1937, was the basis for the German operation of the NKVD in 1937–1938. The operation was the first in the series of national operations of the NKVD. [1] [2] The order commanded to arrest citizens of Germany, as well as former German citizens who assumed the Soviet citizenship.
The NKVD special camps in Germany 1945–50 included the former Buchenwald (1983 photo) Mass surveillance in East Germany was a widespread practice throughout the country's history, involving Soviet, East German, and Western agencies.