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Benign nephrosclerosis alone hardly ever causes severe damage to the kidney, except in susceptible populations, such as African Americans, where it may lead to uremia and death. However, all persons with this disease usually show some functional impairment, such as loss of concentration or a variably diminished GFR.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. [22] It is characterized by the appearance of tissue scarring in the glomeruli. The term focal is used as some of the glomeruli have scars, while others appear intact; the term segmental refers to the fact that only part of the glomerulus is ...
Similar to other causes of nephrotic syndrome (e.g., focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease), membranous nephropathy is known to predispose affected individuals to develop blood clots such as pulmonary emboli. Membranous nephropathy in particular is known to increase this risk more than other causes of nephrotic syndrome ...
On gross pathology, nephrosclerosis manifests as a fine granular surface. [4]"Hypertensive" refers to high blood pressure and "nephropathy" means damage to the kidney; hence this condition is where chronic high blood pressure causes damages to kidney tissue; this includes the small blood vessels, glomeruli, kidney tubules and interstitial tissues.
Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option.
Though this condition is usually asymptomatic, if symptoms are present they are usually related to the causative process, (e.g. hypercalcemia). [4] Some of the symptoms that can happen are blood in the urine , fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, severe pain in the belly area, flanks of the back, groin, or testicles.
Brain aneurysm causes: "Most aneurysms probably develop as a result of wear and tear on the arteries throughout a person's lifetime," the Brain Aneurysm Foundation noted . Some people can inherit ...
Signs and symptoms include proteinuria and edema. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Kidney failure is a common long-term complication of the disease. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] FSGS can be classified as primary, secondary, or genetic, depending on whether a particular toxic or pathologic stressor or genetic predisposition can be identified as the cause.