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Cornell bread was invented in the United States during the 1930s by Clive McCay, a professor at Cornell University, [1] [2] [3] as an inexpensive alternative to strictly rationed foods. [4] Adding powdered milk and soy flour to bread increases its protein content , [ 2 ] and restoring the germ to refined white flour results in higher levels of ...
Flour roller mills were specifically designed to efficiently separate the bran and germ elements of the wheat kernel. What remains is the endosperm, generally referred to as white flour. White flour is often artificially enriched to restore some of the nutrition lost by separating out the bran and the germ elements.
Whole wheat bread or wholemeal bread is a type of bread made using flour that is partly or entirely milled from whole or almost-whole wheat grains, see whole-wheat flour and whole grain. It is one kind of brown bread. Synonyms or near-synonyms for whole-wheat bread outside the United States (e.g., the UK) are whole grain bread or wholemeal bread.
Essene bread is a simple form of sprouted grain bread made from sprouted wheat and prepared at a low temperature. Proponents of raw foods often eat it uncooked or slightly heated. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The Essenes , an ascetic Jewish sect that flourished from the second century BCE through the first century CE , are credited with the technique and basic ...
White bread is made using flour that has had the germ and bran removed. [13] Wheat germ can be added to protein shakes, casseroles, muffins, pancakes, cereals, yogurt, smoothies, cookies, and other goods. [14] Wheat germ can become rancid if not properly stored in a refrigerator or freezer [15] and away from sunlight. [16]
Measurement by weight is more accurate and consistent than measurement by volume, particularly for dry ingredients. The proportion of water to flour is the most important measurement in a bread recipe, as it affects texture and crumb the most. Hard wheat flours absorb about 62% water, while softer wheat flours absorb about 56%. [39]
White bread typically refers to breads made from wheat flour from which the bran and the germ layers have been removed from the whole wheatberry as part of the flour grinding or milling process, producing a light-colored flour.
The germ is the embryo of the seed that contains B vitamins and trace minerals. Because the germ has a fat content of 10%, [citation needed] it may reduce shelf-life. [citation needed] Thus, it is separated to ensure longer shelf life of the flour. In contrast to enriched flour, whole wheat flour contains both the bran and the germ.