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Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or nontraumatic, [5] and can be classified into three types based on cause: mechanical forces, toxic, and ischemic from lack of blood flow. [6] The damage can also be divided into primary and secondary injury : the cell death that occurs immediately in the original injury, and biochemical cascades that are ...
Spinal column or vertebral injuries can be classified using the AO spine injury classification system. [5] The three categories - A, B, and C - are based on the location of damage on the vertebra (either on the anterior or posterior segment) and by the direction of the applied injurious force.
Some do not develop symptoms until a few days after the injury. [3] Causes may include motor vehicle collisions, falls, sports injuries, and non accidental trauma. [3] [2] A number of underlying mechanisms are proposed including spinal cord contusion, injury to the blood supply to the spinal cord, and excessive stretching of the cord. [3]
Once the spinal injury has occurred, one of two things may happen. Firstly, hemorrhaging within the spinal cord may cause compression, which damages the spinal cord even further. Another consequence of myelomalacia is improper circulation of blood to the area damaged, resulting in further damage to the spinal cord. [citation needed]
Non-radicular back pain is most commonly caused by injury to the spinal muscles or ligaments, degenerative spinal disease or a herniated disc. [11] Disc herniation and foraminal stenosis are the most common causes of radiculopathy.
It usually results from trauma which causes damage to the neck, leading to major injury to the central corticospinal tract of the spinal cord. [1] CCS most frequently occurs among older persons with cervical spondylosis, [2] however, it also may occur in younger individuals. [3] CCS is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury syndrome.
Causes can be bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion. When acute it can cause a medical emergency independent of its cause, and require swift diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term disability due to irreversible spinal cord injury .
A disc herniation or spinal disc herniation is an injury to the intervertebral disc between two vertebrae, usually caused by excessive strain or trauma to the spine. It may result in back pain , pain or sensation in different parts of the body, and physical disability .