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Burbank devoted a lot of work to hybridizing two plum species, the apricot plum or Simon plum Prunus simonii and the Japanese plum Prunus salicina. He developed a number of cultivars from the hybrid, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] of which 'Climax' was particularly notable for its importance to the fruit shipping industry of California.
Prunus salicina (syn. Prunus triflora or Prunus thibetica), commonly called the Japanese plum or Chinese plum, [2] is a small deciduous tree native to China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. It is an introduced species in Korea, Japan, the United States, and Australia.
Luther Burbank (March 7, 1849 – April 11, 1926), [1] an American botanist, horticulturist, and pioneer in agricultural science, developed more than 800 strains and varieties of plants over his 55-year career. Burbank worked with (for example) fruits, flowers, grains, grasses, and vegetables.
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The American plum grows as a large shrub or small tree, reaching up to 4.6 metres (15 feet). [12] It is adapted to coarse- and medium-textured soils, but not to fine soils (silt or clay). Beneficially, the shrub survives harsh winters, down to temperatures of -40 degrees (Fahrenheit); [ 13 ] but has little tolerance for shade, drought, or fire.
Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the highest sprig at the top of the tree. The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted."
The commercially important plum trees are medium-sized, usually pruned to 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) height. The tree is of medium hardiness. [ 13 ] Without pruning, the trees can reach 12 metres (39 ft) in height and spread across 10 metres (33 ft).
Prunus simonii, called apricot plum and Simon plum, is a tree in the genus Prunus. It was first described by Elie-Abel Carrière in 1872 and is native to Hebei province, China. [1] The species is not known in a truly wild state. [2] It has been important for breeding commercial plum cultivars from crosses with other species of the genus Prunus.
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