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Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition often runs in families, and stressful or traumatic events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger. [1] In the DSM-5, agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia.
The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, "fear") occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder (e.g. agoraphobia), in chemistry to describe chemical aversions (e.g. hydrophobic), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g ...
Cognitive behavioral therapy interventions may have some benefits for people who have post-traumatic stress related to surviving rape, sexual abuse, or sexual assault. [153] There is strong evidence that CBT-exposure therapy can reduce PTSD symptoms and lead to the loss of a PTSD diagnosis. [ 154 ]
This list also includes updates featured in the text revision of the DSM-IV, the DSM-IV-TR, released in July 2000. [2] Similar to the DSM-III-R, the DSM-IV-TR was created to bridge the gap between the DSM-IV and the next major release, then named DSM-V (eventually titled DSM-5). [3] The DSM-IV-TR contains expanded descriptions of disorders.
Agoraphobia: ~2% [6] A phobia is an anxiety disorder , defined by an irrational, unrealistic, persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 1 ] Phobias typically result in a rapid onset of fear and are usually present for more than six months. [ 1 ]
Agoraphobia is also considered distinct from specific phobia, along with substance use disorders, and avoidant personality disorder. [5] The occurrence of panic attacks is not itself a symptom of specific phobias and falls under the criteria of panic disorder .
In 1995, the American Psychological Association's Division 12 (clinical psychology) formed a task force that developed lists of empirically supported treatments for particular problems such as agoraphobia, blood-injection-injury type phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, panic disorder, etc. [2] In 2001, Bruce ...
Panic disorder is usually effectively managed with a variety of interventions, including psychological therapies and pharmacological treatment with medication. [50] [21] The focus on management of panic disorder involves reducing the frequency and intensity of panic attacks, reducing anticipatory anxiety and agoraphobia, and achieving full ...