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Transient tachypnea of the newborn is a respiratory problem that can be seen in the newborn shortly after delivery. It is caused by retained fetal lung fluid due to impaired clearance mechanisms. [1] It is the most common cause of respiratory distress in term neonates.
Blue baby syndrome has been attributed to cyanotic congenital heart diseases and methemoglobinemia, however there are additional causes that could result in a baby becoming cyanotic, such as: [8] Airway obstruction; Decreased blood perfusion; Disordered control of breathing (ex: cyanotic breath-holding spells, seizures)
Their retinal images are also smaller compared to adults due to shorter distances from the retina to the cornea of the infants' eye. [1] A newborn's pupil grows from approximately 2.2 mm to an adult length of 3.3 mm. [2] Visual acuity, the sharpness of the eye to fine detail, is a major component of a human's visual system.
Then a blue color wash may be applied to give the appearance of realistic baby skin undertones. [1] [6] For dolls with an awake appearance eyes must be replaced. [1] [6] The outer layer of the vinyl doll is given its skin tone by adding dozens of layers of different paint tones to build up and achieve a realistic human skin effect.
The slowing of heart rate and breathing is called the bradycardic response. [1] It is not true that babies are born with the ability to swim, though they have primitive reflexes that make it look like they are. Newborns are not old enough to hold their breath intentionally or strong enough to keep their head above water, and cannot swim unassisted.
The Apgar score is a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. [1] It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar, to address the need for a standardized way to evaluate infants shortly after birth.
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Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]