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The term originally referred to the Christian message itself but later came to refer to the books in which the message was written. [2] Gospels are a genre of ancient biography in early Christian literature. The New Testament includes four canonical gospels, but there are many gospels not included in the biblical canon.
The Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus ("Purple Codex of Saint Petersburg"), designated by N or 022 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε19 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek New Testament codex containing the four Gospels written on parchment.
Like the rest of the New Testament, the four gospels were written in Greek. [56] The Gospel of Mark probably dates from c. AD 66 –70, [18] Matthew and Luke around AD 85–90, [19] and John AD 90–110. [20], which puts their composition likely within the lifetimes of various eyewitnesses, including Jesus's own family.
The oldest clear endorsement of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John being the only legitimate gospels was written c. 180 AD. A four gospel canon (the Tetramorph) was asserted by Irenaeus, who refers to it directly [147] [148] in his polemic Against Heresies: It is not possible that the gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are.
Jacob Jordaens, The Four Evangelists, 1625–1630. In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four canonical Gospel accounts. In the New Testament, they bear the following titles: the Gospel of Matthew; the Gospel of Mark; the Gospel of Luke; and the Gospel of ...
The codex originally contained the entire New Testament except for the Book of Revelation, with several gaps at both the beginning and end. The Gospel of Matthew, the Gospel of Mark 1:1-9:4, [5] and one leaf from Hebrews with text 8:11-9:19 have subsequently been lost. The order of the codex's books are as follows: the four Gospels; the Acts of ...
The New Testament as a whole presents four different understandings: Jesus became God's son at his resurrection, God "begetting" Jesus to a new life by raising him from the dead – this was the earliest understanding, preserved in Paul's Epistle to the Romans , 1:3–4, and in Acts 13:33;
Minuscule 472 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), α 1386 (in the Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), [1] is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 13th century. [2]
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