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Hypertonic Saline which contains sodium chloride works in regulating ICP, intravascular volume and cardiac output without causing significant diuresis, but there are theoretical side effects ranging from neurological complications to subdural hematoma. Hypertonic saline solution has been choice of neuro critical care for the past few years. [1]
A traumatic brain injury ... Hypertonic saline can improve ICP by ... The 1990s saw the development and dissemination of standardized guidelines for treatment of ...
[44] [46] In traumatic brain injuries, a responsiveness to hypertonic saline lasting greater than 2 hours was associated with decreased chance of death and improved neurologic outcomes. [44] The effects of hypertonic saline can be prolonged with combination to agents such as dextran or hydroxyethyl starch , although their use is currently ...
If there is an intact blood–brain barrier, osmotherapy (mannitol or hypertonic saline) may be used to decrease ICP. [33] It is unclear whether mannitol or hypertonic saline is superior, or if they improve outcomes. [34] [35] Struggling, restlessness, and seizures can increase metabolic demands and oxygen consumption, as well as increasing ...
Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
Mannitol is used intravenously to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, [16] e.g., after head trauma. While mannitol injection is the mainstay for treating high pressure in the skull after a bad brain injury, it is no better than hypertonic saline as a first-line treatment.
The presence of cerebral edema, or other moderate to severe symptoms, may necessitate intravenous hypertonic saline administration with close monitoring of the serum sodium levels to avoid overcorrection. [2] SIADH was originally described in 1957 in two people with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. [3]
The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) was founded in 1986 to develop research on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since its formation the foundation's mission has expanded to improving the outcome of TBI patients nationwide through working to implement evidence-based guidelines for prehospital and in-hospital care, quality-improvement programs, and coordinating educational programs for medical ...
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