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The self-discrepancy theory states that individuals compare their "actual" self to internalized standards or the "ideal/ought self". Inconsistencies between "actual", "ideal" (idealized version of yourself created from life experiences) and "ought" (who persons feel they should be or should become) are associated with emotional discomforts (e.g., fear, threat, restlessness).
In particular, research using self-discrepancy theory developed by Tory Higgins focuses on two types of standards, ought and ideal standards. [12] Ought standards represent self-states that relate to other's beliefs about the responsibilities or duties. Ideal standards represent self-states that relate to an individual's goals or ambitions.
He further developed his previous research on self-discrepancy theory, exploring the gaps individuals perceive between their actual selves and the standards set by their "ideal" or "ought" self-guides. [6] Based on self-discrepancy theory, Higgins then developed regulatory focus theory, which posits two distinct self-regulatory systems for ...
E. Tory Higgins proposed that people have three selves, to which they compare themselves: Actual self – representation of the attributes the person believes themself to possess (basic self-concept) Ideal self – ideal attributes the person would like to possess (hopes, aspiration, motivations to change)
Further into the sessions, group members are encouraged to do community service, and to practice acts of kindness. “One of the consequences of moral injury is self-isolation,” said Amidon. “The idea here is for them to begin to recognize the goodness in themselves, and to reinforce their sense of being accepted in the community.”
King Charles cracked a joke about longevity during his final day out for work before the royal family convenes for Christmas.. On Dec. 20, the King, 76, and Queen Camilla attended a reception at ...
In 1987, Tory Higgins developed the self-discrepancy theory, and described three main forms of self: actual self, ideal self, and ought self. Actual self is the set of qualities and characteristics that a person actually possesses, the ideal self contains the attributes that a person hopes to someday achieve, and the ought self contains the ...
Some of those who are making the trek, like Samantha Balsham, tell Yahoo Life that the effort is worth it to make sure their vote counts. At 19 years old, this presidential election is the first ...