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The 1860 United States census was the eighth census conducted in the United States starting June 1, 1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 [ 1 ] in 33 states and 10 organized territories.
Between 1880 and 1900, the urban population of the United States rose from 28% to 40%, and reached 50% by 1920, in part due to 9,000,000 European immigrants. After 1890 the US rural population began to plummet, as farmers were displaced by mechanization and forced to migrate to urban factory jobs.
According to the 1860 U.S. census, fewer than 385,000 individuals (i.e. 1.4% of whites in the country, or 4.8% of southern whites) owned one or more slaves. [17] 95% of blacks lived in the South, comprising one-third of the population there as opposed to 1% of the population of the North. [18]
At the first census in 1790, the rural population was 3.7 million and urban only 202,000. The nation was 95% rural, and the great majority of rural residents were subsistence farmers. By 1860 the rural population had exploded to 25 million but urban had grown faster to 6 million, or 20% urban.
Eleven were destroyed or severely damaged by war action, including Atlanta (with an 1860 population of 9,600), Charleston, Columbia, and Richmond (with prewar populations of 40,500, 8,100, and 37,900, respectively). The eleven contained 115,900 people in the 1860 census, or 14% of the urban South.
With their investments in cotton cultivation, Texas planters imported enslaved blacks from the earliest years of settlement. During 1860, the population of African American slaves rose to 169,000. [19] They established cotton plantations mostly in the eastern part of the state, where labor was done by enslaved African Americans.
The 1840 United States census was the sixth census of the United States.Conducted by U.S. marshals on June 1, 1840, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 – an increase of 32.7 percent over the 12,866,020 persons enumerated during the 1830 census.
The 1860s (pronounced "eighteen-sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1860 and ended on December 31, 1869. The decade was noted for featuring numerous major societal shifts in the Americas .