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Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was first described by John Holloszy in the 1960s, when it was discovered that physical endurance training induced higher mitochondrial content levels, leading to greater glucose uptake by muscles. [ 3 ]
21780 Ensembl ENSG00000108064 ENSMUSG00000003923 UniProt Q00059 P40630 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001270782 NM_003201 NM_012251 NM_009360 RefSeq (protein) NP_001257711 NP_003192 NP_033386 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 58.39 – 58.4 Mb Chr 10: 71.06 – 71.07 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Mitochondrial transcription factor A, abbreviated as TFAM or mtTFA, is a protein that in ...
PGC-1α provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor causing slow-twitch rather than fast-twitch muscle fiber types. [10] Endurance exercise has been shown to activate the PGC-1α gene in human skeletal muscle. [11]
The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA).
Tim9 and Tim10 make up the group of essential small Tim proteins that assist in transport of hydrophobic precursors across the intermembrane space in mammalian cells. Both Tim9 and Tim10 form a hexamer, the Tim9-Tim10 complex, that when associated, functions as a chaperone to assist translocation of preproteins from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the translocase of the inner membrane.
Mitogens can be either endogenous or exogenous factors. Endogenous mitogens function to control cell division is a normal and necessary part of the life cycle of multicellular organisms.
Dimethyladenosine transferase 2; transcription factor B2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TFB2M gene. [ 5 ] This protein is a transcription initiation factor for the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, POLRMT .
MT-ND1 is located in mitochondrial DNA from base pair 3,307 to 4,262. [5] The MT-ND1 gene produces a 36 kDa protein composed of 318 amino acids. [10] [11] MT-ND1 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), together with MT-ND2, MT-ND3, MT-ND4, MT-ND4L, MT-ND5, and MT-ND6.