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  2. K factor (traffic engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K_factor_(traffic_engineering)

    The K Factor also helps calculate the peak-to-daily ratio of traffic. K30 helps maintain a healthy volume to capacity ratio. [3] K50 and K100 will sometimes be seen. K50 and K100 will not use the 30th highest hourly traffic volumes but the 50th or 100th highest hourly traffic volume when calculating the K factor.

  3. Cell Transmission Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_Transmission_Model

    CTM predicts macroscopic traffic behavior on a given corridor by evaluating the flow and density at finite number of intermediate points at different time steps. This is done by dividing the corridor into homogeneous sections (hereafter called cells) and numbering them i=1, 2… n starting downstream.

  4. International roughness index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_roughness_index

    The ARRB, ICC, and SSI walking profiler units regularly collect data for FHWA Reference Profiler Rodeos (Data Collections 2009-2013& Report DTFH61-10-D-00026). These units can be used to certify inertial profilers as a reference device since they have a sampling interval less than 2.75-inches per AASHTO PP49.

  5. R-value (soils) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_(soils)

    R-Value is used in pavement design, with the thickness of each layer dependent on the R-value of the layer below and the expected level of traffic loading, expressed as a Traffic Index. Details of the pavement design procedure are given in Chapter 600 of the California Highway Design Manual .

  6. Passenger car equivalent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_car_equivalent

    Passenger car equivalent (PCE) or passenger car unit (PCU) is a metric used in transportation engineering to assess traffic-flow rate on a highway. [1]A passenger car equivalent is essentially the impact that a mode of transport has on traffic variables (such as headway, speed, density) compared to a single car.

  7. Fundamental diagram of traffic flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_diagram_of...

    In the study of traffic flow theory, the flow-density diagram is used to determine the traffic state of a roadway. Currently, there are two types of flow density graphs: parabolic and triangular. Academia views the triangular flow-density curve as more the accurate representation of real world events. The triangular curve consists of two vectors.

  8. Intersection capacity utilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection_Capacity...

    It is not intended for traffic operations or signal timing design. [1] ICU is also defined as "the sum of the ratios of approach volume divided by approach capacity for each leg of intersection which controls overall traffic signal timing plus an allowance for clearance times."

  9. Properties of concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_concrete

    Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1]

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