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DECLARE ARRAY S; function INIT (words) S ← CREATE_ARRAY (LENGTH (words) + 1) for k ← from 0 to LENGTH (words) do S [k] ← EMPTY_ORDERED_SET function EARLEY_PARSE (words, grammar) INIT (words) ADD_TO_SET ((γ → • S, 0), S [0]) for k ← from 0 to LENGTH (words) do for each state in S [k] do // S[k] can expand during this loop if not FINISHED (state) then if NEXT_ELEMENT_OF (state) is a ...
Streams may be used to chain applications, meaning that the output stream of one program can be redirected to be the input stream to another application. In many operating systems this is expressed by listing the application names, separated by the vertical bar character, for this reason often called the pipeline character.
In software design, the Java Native Interface (JNI) is a foreign function interface programming framework that enables Java code running in a Java virtual machine (JVM) to call and be called by [1] native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating system platform) and libraries written in other languages such as C, C++ and assembly.
Many widely used languages, such as C++, Java, and Python, provide object-oriented features. Although in the past object-oriented programming was widely accepted, [ 51 ] more recently essays criticizing object-oriented programming and recommending the avoidance of these features (generally in favor of functional programming ) have been very ...
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
In array languages, operations are generalized to apply to both scalars and arrays. Thus, a+b expresses the sum of two scalars if a and b are scalars, or the sum of two arrays if they are arrays. An array language simplifies programming but possibly at a cost known as the abstraction penalty.
No part of this book may be transmitted or reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Developmental Editor: John Barstow Editorial Director: Shay Totten Project Manager: Emily Foote Copy Editor: Nancy Crompton Fact-checker: Mary Fratini Book Designer: Peter Holm Printed in Canada on recycled paper.
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (), [16] meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. [17]