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Cimetidine: Cimetidine inhibits CYP450 enzymes involved in metabolism of CCBs. Blood concentration of calcium channel antagonists increase leading to higher incidence of side effects (hot flushes). Grape fruit juice: Grapefruit juice suppresses enzymes metabolizing calcium channel antagonists (cytochrome P450) and reduces the clearance.
Some fruit juices and fruits can interact with numerous drugs, in many cases causing adverse effects. [1] The effect is most studied with grapefruit and grapefruit juice, [1] but similar effects have been observed with certain other citrus fruits.
Homodynamic effects include drugs that act as (1) pure agonists, if they bind to the main locus of the receptor, causing a similar effect to that of the main drug, (2) partial agonists if, on binding to a secondary site, they have the same effect as the main drug, but with a lower intensity and (3) antagonists, if they bind directly to the ...
Common side effects include constipation, ... A lower dose is also recommended in people taking the calcium channel blockers, ... (946 ml) of grapefruit juice per day.
Antihypertensive agents are classified according to their mechanism of actions. The most common classes prescribed are diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and beta-blockers. Antihyperlipidemic agents most often prescribed are statins, ezetimibe and ...
Drugs that decrease breaking down of carbamazepine or otherwise increase its levels include erythromycin, [32] cimetidine, propoxyphene, and calcium channel blockers. [18] Grapefruit juice raises the bioavailability of carbamazepine by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4 in the gut wall and in the liver. [5]
The effects of grapefruit last from 3–7 days, with the greatest effects when juice is taken an hour previous to administration of the drug. [25] In addition to grapefruit, other fruits have similar effects. Noni (Morinda citrifolia), for example, is a dietary supplement typically consumed as a juice and also inhibits CYP3A4. [26]
Side effects of these drugs may include but are not limited to: Constipation; Peripheral edema, which can occur in as much as 70% of people receiving calcium channel blocker, is caused by calcium channel blockers' preferential arteriolar or precapillary dilation without commensurate dilation in the venous or postcapillary circulation.