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In solid-state physics, the work function (sometimes spelled workfunction) is the minimum thermodynamic work (i.e., energy) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid surface. Here "immediately" means that the final electron position is far from the surface on the atomic scale, but still too ...
Thermodynamic work is one of the principal kinds of process by which a thermodynamic system can interact with and transfer energy to its surroundings. This results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, [1] or cause changes in electromagnetic, [2] [3] [4] or gravitational [5] variables.
The ancient Greek understanding of physics was limited to the statics of simple machines (the balance of forces), and did not include dynamics or the concept of work. During the Renaissance the dynamics of the Mechanical Powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how far they could lift a load, in addition to the force they could apply, leading ...
φ, Φ = Work function of the material the photons are incident on (J) ... Physics for Scientists and Engineers: With Modern Physics (6th ed.). W. H.
Work function differences between the two materials. [49] Local curvature, strain and roughness. [41] [1] [70] The forces used during sliding, and the velocities when particles collide as well as the sizes. [3] [56] The electronic structure of the materials, and the crystallographic orientation of the two contacting materials. [37]
From the German word Arbeit (work), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends the symbol A and the name Helmholtz energy. [2] In physics, the symbol F is also used in reference to free energy or Helmholtz function.
Teacher, Driving Home From Work, Pulls Over To Save Choking 100-Year-old Woman With Heimlich Maneuver. Wrap your arms around their torso from the back. Make a fist with one hand and grab it with ...
the work function in physics; the energy required by a photon to remove an electron from the surface of a metal; magnetic flux or electric flux; the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution in statistics; phenyl functional group in organic chemistry (pseudoelement symbol)