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Blast furnace gas (BFG) [1] is a by-product of blast furnaces that is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to metallic iron. It has a very low heating value , about 3.5 MJ/m 3 (93 BTU /cu.ft), [ 2 ] because it consists of about 51 vol% nitrogen and 22 vol% carbon dioxide , which are not flammable.
Propane burner used with forced air into a metal melting furnace. Propane burner with a Bunsen flame Oxy-Acetylene for cutting through steel rails Flame of a gas and oil, in a dual burner A gas burner is a device that produces a non-controlled flame by mixing a fuel gas such as acetylene , natural gas , or propane with an oxidizer such as the ...
Air-fuel ratio is the ratio between the mass of air and the mass of fuel in the air-fuel mix at any given moment. The mass is the mass of all constituents that compose the air or fuel, whether they take part in the combustion or not. For example, a calculation of the mass of natural gas as fuel — which often contains carbon dioxide (CO 2 ...
Assuming initial atmospheric conditions (1 bar and 20 °C), the following table [1] lists the flame temperature for various fuels under constant pressure conditions. The temperatures mentioned here are for a stoichiometric fuel-oxidizer mixture (i.e. equivalence ratio φ = 1).
The annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE; pronounced 'A'-'Few' or 'A'-'F'-'U'-'E') is a thermal efficiency measure of space-heating furnaces and boilers.The AFUE differs from the true 'thermal efficiency' in that it is not a steady-state, peak measure of conversion efficiency, but instead attempts to represent the actual, season-long, average efficiency of that piece of equipment ...
The basic idea of a firing system using pulverised fuel is to use the whole volume of the furnace for the combustion of solid fuels. Coal is ground to the size of a fine grain, mixed with air and burned in the flue gas flow. Biomass and other materials can also be added to the mixture.
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Lean-burn refers to the burning of fuel with an excess of air in an internal combustion engine. In lean-burn engines the air–fuel ratio may be as lean as 65:1 (by mass). The air / fuel ratio needed to stoichiometrically combust gasoline, by contrast, is 14.64:1. The excess of air in a lean-burn engine emits far less hydrocarbons.