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Albania was considered a Besetztes Freundesland (Friendly Occupied Country). The Austro-Hungarians left the local administration in place, formed an Albanian gendarmerie and opened schools. The development of a proper Albanian language and orthography was promoted to reduce Italian influences. They also built roads and other infrastructure.
A provisional government of Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus was established in February 1914 and organized armed units who clashed with the Albanian militia. They were composed both Orthodox Albanian and Greek-speaking males aged from 15 to 55 and consisted mainly by deserters of the Greek army, many of them natives and bandits. [36]
Albanian nationalists still sought the unity of Albanian territory, even if it meant maintaining Italian suzerainty. [17] The Congress of Durrës, which opened on 25 December 1918, gathered together delegates from across Italian-occupied Albania and formed a pro-Italian government, the Government of Durrës.
The first school known to use the Albanian language in modern times opened in Shkodër. 1877: Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The war began. 1878: Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The Ottoman Empire was defeated by its rival Russian Empire, seriously weakening Ottoman power over Albanian-populated areas.
Ottoman conquest of Albania halted until 1479. The Ottomans are defeated in numerous battles by the Albanians, mostly under Skanderbeg. Albanian resistance weakens following the death of Skanderbeg in 1468. Krujë falls in 1478 after three previous failed sieges in 1450, 1466 and 1467. Shkodër falls in 1479. Albanian–Venetian War
Skanderbeg's long struggle to keep Albania free became highly significant to the Albanian people, as it strengthened their solidarity, made them more conscious of their national identity, and served later as a great source of inspiration in their struggle for national unity, freedom and independence.
The Central Powers thus occupied Serbia, Montenegro, and most of Albania including Durazzo, while the Entente retained Valona and occupied a portion of northern Greece, establishing the Macedonian front at Salonika to stimulate active Greek participation, to provide a place to redeploy and supply a re-organized and re-equipped Serbian army, and ...
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."