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2. Regurgitation (circulation) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regurgitation_(circulation)

   Regurgitant fraction is the percentage of blood that regurgitates back through the aortic valve to the left ventricle due to aortic insufficiency, or through the mitral valve to the atrium due to mitral insufficiency. It is measured as the amount of blood regurgitated into a cardiac chamber divided by the stroke volume.

3. Pressure–volume loop analysis in cardiology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure–volume_loop...

   Mitral regurgitation (MR) occurs when the mitral valve fails to close completely, causing blood to flow back into the left atrium during ventricular systole. The constant backflow of blood through the leaky mitral valve implies that there is no true phase of isovolumic contraction.

4. Mitral regurgitation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_regurgitation

   Methods that have been used to assess the regurgitant fraction in mitral regurgitation include echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, fast CT scan, and cardiac MRI.The echocardiographic technique to measure the regurgitant fraction is to determine the forward flow through the mitral valve (from the left atrium to the left ventricle) during ...

5. Pressure–volume diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure–volume_diagram

   The aortic valve closes. Point C is the end-systolic point. Segment CD is the isovolumic relaxation. During this phase, pressure continues to fall. The mitral valve and aortic valve are both closed again so volume is constant. At point D pressure falls below the atrial pressure and the mitral valve opens, initiating ventricular filling.

6. Mitral valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve

   The mitral valve is typically 4 to 6 square centimetres (0.62 to 0.93 sq in) in area and sits in the left heart between the left atrium and the left ventricle. [5] It has two cusps: an anterior one, and a posterior one. [6] The opening of the mitral valve is surrounded by a fibrous ring known as the mitral annulus. The anterior cusp attaches to ...

7. Velocity time integral - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_time_integral

   Velocity Time Integral is a clinical Doppler ultrasound measurement of blood flow, equivalent to the area under the velocity time curve. The product of VTI (cm/stroke) and the cross sectional area of a valve (cm2) yields a stroke volume (cm3/stroke), which can be used to calculate cardiac output.

8. Why Ina Garten Only Buys Extra Large Eggs and Never Brings ...

   www.aol.com/why-ina-garten-only-buys-181014323.html

   Ina Garten has certain go-tos in her kitchen — and when stepping into someone else’s.. The Barefoot Contessa star shared her tips for cooking and hosting during a live Q&A with PEOPLE Senior ...

9. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

   Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume, SV) in one minute. To calculate this, multiply stroke volume (SV), by heart rate (HR), in beats per minute. [1] It can be represented by the equation: CO = HR x SV [1]