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The terms 'opioid' and 'opiate' are sometimes used interchangeably, but the term 'opioid' is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors in the brain. [4] Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the opium poppy plant Papaver somniferum. [5] [6]
Opiate overdose symptoms and signs can be referred to as the "opioid toxidrome triad": decreased level of consciousness, pinpoint pupils and respiratory depression. Other symptoms include seizures and muscle spasms. Sometimes an opiate overdose can lead to such a decreased level of consciousness such that the person will not wake up.
A toxidrome (a portmanteau of toxic and syndrome, coined in 1970 by Mofenson and Greensher [2]) is a syndrome caused by a dangerous level of toxins in the body. It is often the consequence of a drug overdose. Common symptoms include dizziness, disorientation, nausea, vomiting and oscillopsia.
“The brain may get OK with time in some persons. But it’s hard to find a person who has completely normal brain function after a long cycle of opiate addiction, not without specific medication treatment.” An abstinence-only treatment that may have a higher success rate for alcoholics simply fails opiate addicts.
Opiate withdrawal syndrome effects are associated with the abrupt cessation or reduction of prolonged opiate usage. The manifestation of opiate dependence and abuse relies on a variety of factors, including the opiate's pharmacokinetic properties and the user's predisposition for addiction.
A chart outlining the structural features that define opiates and opioids, including distinctions between semi-synthetic and fully synthetic opiate structures. Oxycodone was first made available in the United States in 1939. In the 1970s, the FDA classified oxycodone as a Schedule II drug, indicating a high potential for non-medical use and ...
Naloxone is an over-the-counter nasal-spray medication that can save an overdose victim by rapidly reversing the effects of fentanyl, heroin and other opioids. Doctors urge all people ...
Using opioids despite being in physically dangerous settings; Continued use despite opioids worsening physical or psychological health (i.e. depression, constipation) Tolerance; Withdrawal; The severity can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria present. [6]