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Unlike in the United States, racial segregation in Canada applied to all non-whites and was historically enforced through laws, court decisions and social norms with a closed immigration system that barred virtually all non-whites from immigrating until 1962. Section 38 of the 1910 Immigration Act permitted the government to prohibit the entry ...
[4] [5] These legal and constitutional limitations were a significant reason that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was established as an unambiguously-constitutional-level Bill of Rights for all Canadians, governing the application of both federal and provincial law in Canada, with the patriation of the Constitution of Canada in 1982.
In 1849, Malcolm Cameron, a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, proposed a School Bill allowing for segregated schools. [5] As a result of that bill, from 1850 in Upper Canada in the Province of Canada, provision was made for the establishment of separate schools for the Black community.
Racial segregation was widespread and deeply imbedded into the fabric of Canadian society prior to the Canadian constitution of 1982. Multiple court decisions, including one from the Supreme Court of Canada in 1939, upheld racial segregation as valid.
The first legal protection for human rights in Canada related to religious freedom. The Articles of Capitulation of the town of Quebec, negotiated between the French and British military commanders after the fall of Quebec in 1759, provided a guarantee of "the free exercise of the Roman religion" until the possession of Canada was determined by ...
The pass system is considered to be one aspect of the assimilation process that also included the reserve system first introduced in Upper Canada in the 1830s [8] and the residential school system, with its roots in the boys' day school for Six Nations Reserve children—the Mohawk Institute in Brantford, Upper Canada in 1828—the first of the ...
In addition, throughout Canada's history there have been laws and regulations that have negatively affected a wide variety of races, religions, and groups of persons. [11] [12] [13] Canadian law uses the term "visible minority" to refer to people of colour (but not aboriginal Canadians), introduced by the Employment Equity Act of 1995. [14]
The Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped African Americans escape from slavery in the South to free states in the north and to Canada. [4] Harriet Tubman helped enslaved Black people escape to Canada. [5] Around some 1,500 African Americans migrated to the Plains region of Canada in the years between 1905 and 1912.