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Social factors include race, religion and degree of religiosity, social and economic class, educational level, regional characteristics, and gender. [1] The degree to which a person identifies with a political party influences voting behavior, [2] as does social identity. [3]
The Michigan model is a theory of voter choice, based primarily on sociological and party identification factors. Originally proposed by political scientists, beginning with an investigation of the 1952 Presidential election, [1] at the University of Michigan's Survey Research Centre.
The sociological model of class voting is defined as emphasizing bottom-up analysis the top-down approach, which looks to parties as the primary mechanism of class voting. In model has its origin in the book The People’s Choice (1944), by Lazarsfeld, Berelson, and Gaudet-Erskine, the pivotal in the study of electoral sociology in the United ...
Cleavage theory accordingly argues that political cleavages predominantly determine a country's party system as well as the individual voting behavior of citizens, dividing them into voting blocs. [3] These blocs are distinguished by similar socio-economic characteristics, who vote and view the world in a similar way. It is distinct from other ...
The voting paradox, for example, points out that it cannot be in a citizen's self-interest to vote because the effort it takes to vote will almost always outweigh the benefits of voting, particularly considering a single vote is unlikely to change an electoral outcome. Political scientists instead propose that citizens vote for psychological or ...
State voting laws are drifting in opposite directions in today's age of politics. In 2021, 25 states passed laws that expanded voting access, but 18 states have passed nearly three dozen laws ...
P is the probability that an individual's vote will affect the outcome of an election, B is the perceived benefit that would be received if that person's favored political party or candidate were elected, D originally stood for democracy or civic duty, but today represents any social or personal gratification an individual gets from voting, and
The U.S. Presidential elections are approaching, and although there are many political and societal factors that may determine the outcome of an election, November 2024 may be affected by economic ...