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The past participle is used to form the compound pasts (e.g. ho lavorato, avevo lavorato, ebbi lavorato, avrò lavorato). Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern, but there are many verbs with an irregular past participle. verbs in -are add -ato to the stem: parlato, amato; some verbs in -ere add -uto to the stem: creduto;
The past participle is used in Italian as both an adjective and to form many of the compound tenses of the language. There are regular endings for the past participle, based on the conjugation class . There are, however, many irregular forms as not all verbs follow the pattern, particularly the -ere verbs.
Dit and the feminine form dite translate as "called" and are the past participle of the French word dire, "to say". A name such as Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau can translate as "Adolphe Guillet, called Tourangeau", where both "Guillet" and "Tourangeau" are used as surnames, sometimes together and sometimes individually in different situations ...
A new past tense was also created in the modern languages to replace or complement the aorist and imperfect, using a periphrastic combination of the copula and the so-called "l-participle", originally a deverbal adjective. In many languages today, the copula was dropped in this formation, turning the participle itself into the past tense.
The word ditto comes from the Tuscan language, [7] where it is the past participle of the verb dire (to say), with the meaning of "said", as in the locution "the said story". The first recorded use of ditto with this meaning in English occurs in 1625. [7]
The same tendency to use past participles derived from statvm (the supine of sto) to replace the past participles of the main copula is also seen in Italian and Catalan. The Old French imperfect was iere (from Latin eram ); this was replaced in Middle French by the imperfect of ester , which was estois (from Vulgar Latin * estaba , Latin stābam ).
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If the verb is one that otherwise selects auxiliary avere in compound constructions, the past participle does not agree with the subject in gender and number: Italian: Abbiamo mangiato al ristorante. Tuscan: S'è mangiato al ristorante. If the verb normally requires essere, the past participle is marked as plural: Italian: Siamo andati al cinema.