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Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.
Degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5-S1. (A) CT sagittal view of a low grade slip. (B) Lateral radiograph pre-operative intervention. (C) Surgically treated with L5–S1 decompression, instrumented fusion and placement of an interbody graft between L5 and S1. Both minimally invasive and open surgical techniques are used to treat anterolisthesis ...
These cannot be determined by plain films, as the x-ray passes through the soft tissue. A study by Giles et al., stated that sixteen of the thirty patients (53%) had retrolisthesis of L5 on S1 ranging from 2–9 mm; these patients had either intervertebral disc bulging or protrusion on CT examination ranging from 3–7 mm into the spinal canal.
Although structured exercises provide small, short-term benefit for leg pain, in the long term no difference is seen between exercise or simply staying active. [49] The evidence for physical therapy in sciatica is unclear though such programs appear safe. [3] Physical therapy is commonly used. [3]
Physically demanding jobs, contact sports and being overweight can increase risk of developing lumbar spondylosis. Lumbar spondylosis diagnosis can be made by physical exam, symptom tracking, MRI ...
52 year old male with a degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5 - S1. (A) CT sagittal view of a low grade slip. (B) Lateral radiograph pre-operative intervention. - (C) Surgically treated with L5 - S1 decompression, instrumented fusion and placement of an interbody graft between L5 and S1.
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These exercises were initially developed for men under 50 and women under 40 who had exaggerated lumbar lordosis, whose x-ray films showed decreased disc space between lumbar spine segments (L1-S1), and whose symptoms were chronic, but low grade. [citation needed]