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Poor diet in early childhood affects the number of neurons in parts of the brain. [1]Nutritional neuroscience (neuronutrition) is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.
The axolotl is less commonly used than other vertebrates, but is still a classical model for examining regeneration and neurogenesis. Though the axolotl has made its place in biomedical research in terms of limb regeneration, [19] [20] the model organism has displayed a robust ability to generate new neurons following damage.
Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs). [1] This occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans . [ 2 ]
Recent studies confirm that microglia, the resident immune cell of the brain, establish direct contacts with the cell bodies of developing neurons, and through these connections, regulate neurogenesis, migration, integration and the formation of neuronal networks in an activity-dependent manner. [58]
Substance P has been associated with the regulation of mood disorders, anxiety, stress, [31] reinforcement, [32] neurogenesis, [33] synaptic growth and dendritic arborisation, [34] respiratory rhythm, [35] neurotoxicity, pain, and nociception. [36] In 2014, it was found that substance P played a role in male fruit fly aggression. [37]
The development of the nervous system in humans, or neural development, or neurodevelopment involves the studies of embryology, developmental biology, and neuroscience.These describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the complex nervous system forms in humans, develops during prenatal development, and continues to develop postnatally.
The neurogenesis hypothesis of depression gained popularity due to the large number of correlative studies which indicate a relationship between impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and depression. For example, reduced hippocampal volume is associated with depression, which impaired neurogenesis may contribute to. [6] Conflicting evidence
Elizabeth Gould (born 1962) [1] is an American neuroscientist and the Dorman T. Warren Professor of Psychology at Princeton University. [2] [3] She was an early investigator of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a research area that continues to be controversial.