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Winged female and wingless male. Blastophaga psenes is a wasp species in the genus Blastophaga. It pollinates the common fig Ficus carica and the closely related Ficus palmata. [3] These wasps breed in figs without the need for a colony or nest, and the adults live for only a few days or weeks. [4]
Since Liostenogaster flavolineata is located in a tropical climate it is aseasonal and does not have a colony cycle, [6] and does not have any specific timing for building new nests or breeding. [4] New nests are based on a cost-benefit system for individual females. [7]
In Polistes exclamans, equal sex ratio is obtained when only 46.3% of investment is devoted to females as female wasps are 1.16 times larger than male wasps. [16] In a study done by Strassmann, it was found that sexual investment is female biased, especially during years of high predation and when nests are generally less successful. [ 16 ]
Adult female T. radiata live on average for 23.6 days while the shorter-lived males have an average longevity of 11.4 days. The males are polygynous but the females normally mate once and mating does not affect longevity. The females mate on emergence, or at least within a day, and most mate only once. [2]
The body of a female is c. 2 inches (50 mm) long, with an ovipositor c. 4 inches (100 mm) long. Females of the parasitoid wasp Neoneurus vesculus ovipositing in workers of the ant Formica cunicularia. Parasitized white cabbage larvae showing wasp larvae exiting its body, spinning cocoons. Playback at double speed.
As opposed to meat, lower costs are required to care for and produce insects. [4] Faster growth and reproduction rates. Crickets mature rather quickly and are typically full-grown within 3 weeks to a month, [4] and an individual female can lay from 1,200 to 1,500 eggs in three to four weeks. Cattle, however, become adults at 2 years, and the ...
Single-foundresses produce much less offspring, average of two, than the queen of a multiple-foundress colony, and in many cases a single foundress colony fails before any of the brood reach adulthood. [3] [8] Multiple Foundress colonies; Of the females in multiple foundress colonies, only one takes the role of queen and is the sole egg layer.
The females are also very attentive to wasps approaching their nest, which they greet with either antennations and/or bites. [1] However, sometimes the roles can be temporary. Newly emerged females will most likely become workers by helping out with the nest before leaving to find or acquire their own colony.