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Administration of high-dose testosterone in men over a course of weeks can cause an increase in aggression and hypomanic symptoms, though these were seen in only a minority of subjects. [15] Acute high-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid administration in males attenuates endogenous sex hormone production and affects the thyroid hormone axis.
Stimulation of lean body mass and prevention of bone loss in elderly men, as some studies indicate. [14] [15] [16] However, a 2006 placebo-controlled trial of low-dose testosterone supplementation in elderly men with low levels of testosterone found no benefit on body composition, physical performance, insulin sensitivity, or quality of life. [17]
[27] [28] Such doses exceed the amount of testosterone produced by the body, which is approximately 7 mg/day, by approximately 100-fold. [2] [27] [28] The elimination half-life of oral testosterone is rapid at about 5 to 7 hours. [28] [30] As a result, it requires administration several times per day in divided doses. [28]
Testosterone propionate is a testosterone ester and a relatively short-acting prodrug of testosterone in the body. [7] [4] [1] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of testosterone. [11] Testosterone propionate was discovered in 1936 and was introduced for medical use in 1937.
Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [9] It is used to treat male hypogonadism, gender dysphoria, and certain types of breast cancer. [9] [10] It may also be used to increase athletic ability in the form of doping. [9]
If high doses were used for six to 10 days, reduce to replacement dose immediately and taper over four more days. Adrenal recovery can be assumed to occur within two to four weeks of completion of steroids. If high doses were used for 11–30 days, cut immediately to twice replacement, and then by 25% every four days.
Research on animal reproduction has indicated that there is a trace of teratogenicity when doses are reduced by 10 times the human recommended dose. [54] There is no sufficient information on human pregnancy at this moment. Use is only recommended when the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks for the pregnant mother and the fetus. [54]
Micrograph of fatty liver, as may be seen due to long-term prednisone use. Trichrome stain.. Short-term side effects, as with all glucocorticoids, include high blood glucose levels (especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or on other medications that increase blood glucose, such as tacrolimus) and mineralocorticoid effects such as fluid retention. [24]