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  2. Human viruses in water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_viruses_in_water

    The pH of most natural water is between 5–9. Enteric viruses are stable in these conditions. On the other hand, many enteric viruses are more stable at pH 3-5 than at pH 9 and 12. Enteroviruses can survive at pH 11–11.5 and 1–2, but for only short periods.

  3. Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misconceptions_about_HIV/AIDS

    HIV can survive at room temperature outside the body for hours if dry (provided that initial concentrations are high), [31] and for weeks if wet (in used syringes/needles). [32] However, the amounts typically present in bodily fluids do not survive nearly as long outside the body—generally no more than a few minutes if dry. [23]

  4. HIV - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV

    Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed both lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 3 (HTLV-III). HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower ...

  5. Pathogen transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen_transmission

    Fecal oral transmission can be via foodstuffs or water that has become contaminated. This can happen when people do not adequately wash their hands after using the toilet and before preparing food or tending to patients. [citation needed] The fecal-oral route of transmission can be a public health risk for people in developing countries who ...

  6. Women and HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_and_HIV/AIDS

    HIV became the leading cause of death for African-American women aged 25–44. [34] 1994 On August 5, the US Public Health Service recommended that HIV-positive women take ZDV (AZT) to reduce the chance for perinatal transmission (infection through birth) of HIV, citing an ACTG 076 study that concluded that the drug reduces transmission by up ...

  7. Fomite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite

    The risk of infection by these diseases and others through fomites can be greatly reduced by simply washing one's hands. [9] When two children in one household have influenza, more than 50% of shared items are contaminated with virus. In 40–90% cases, adults infected with rhinovirus have it on their hands. [10]

  8. Undetectable = Untransmittable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undetectable_=_Untransmittable

    The campaign seeks to spread the scientific evidence that undetectable means untransmittable. Since the beginning of the epidemic, perceptions and management of HIV infection have gone through many stages; from assuming the infectiousness, then discovering the routes of transmission (blood, sexual fluids, and breastfeeding), to prevention methods (education, condoms, PrEP, and PEP) and various ...

  9. Trichomoniasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichomoniasis

    Infection with trichomoniasis through water is unlikely because Trichomonas vaginalis dies in water after 45–60 minutes, in thermal water after 30 minutes to 3 hours and in diluted urine after 5–6 hours. [23] Currently there are no routine standard screening requirements for the general U.S. population receiving family planning or STI testing.

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