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European writers contemporary with the plague described the disease in Latin as pestis or pestilentia, 'pestilence'; epidemia, 'epidemic'; mortalitas, 'mortality'. [22] In English prior to the 18th century, the event was called the "pestilence" or "great pestilence", "the plague" or the "great death".
The Great Plague of London, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the most recent major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long Second Pandemic , a period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics that originated in Central Asia in 1331 (the first year of the Black Death ), and included related diseases ...
Theories of the Black Death are a variety of explanations that have been advanced to explain the nature and transmission of the Black Death (1347–51). A number of epidemiologists from the 1980s to the 2000s challenged the traditional view that the Black Death was caused by plague based on the type and spread of the disease.
The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease hit somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490. [39] Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, [40] reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. [41]
In his diaries, Samuel Pepys gave a vivid description of the Great Plague of London; one of the last outbreaks of the second pandemic. The Black Death was the first occurrence of the second pandemic, [90] which continued to strike England and the rest of Europe more or less regularly until the 18th century. The first serious recurrence in ...
The plague during the Great Northern War falls within the second pandemic, which by the late 17th century had its final recurrence in western Europe (e.g. the Great Plague of London 1666–68) and, in the 18th century final recurrences in the rest of Europe (e.g. the plague during the Great Northern War in the area around the Baltic sea, the ...
The oldest known plague victims date back to around 5,000 years ago in Europe. Ancient DNA reveals the role the disease may have played in a mysterious population decline.
The plague is considered the likely cause of the Black Death that swept through Asia, Europe, and Africa in the 14th century and killed an estimated 50 million people, [1] [10] including about 25% to 60% of the European population. [1] [11] Because the plague killed so many of the working population, wages rose due to the demand for labor. [11]