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The Foraker Act, Pub. L. 56–191, 31 Stat. 77, enacted April 12, 1900, officially known as the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian (albeit limited popular) government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had recently become a possession of the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War.
Various authorities have listed what they consider are the legitimate constituents of the Insular Cases. Juan R. Torruella, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (the federal appeals court with jurisdiction over the Federal Court for the District of Puerto Rico), considers that the landmark decisions consist of six fundamental cases only, all decided in 1901: "strictly ...
The Insular Government of Porto Rico [1] (Spanish: Gobierno Insular de Puerto Rico), known as the Insular Government of Puerto Rico [2] [3] [4] after May 17, 1932, [5] was an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States that was established when the Foraker Act became effective on April 12, 1900.
The Olmsted Amendment was a modification to the Foraker Act of 1900, and became law on July 16, 1909. The law was designed to modify several perceived weaknesses in Puerto Rico's government at the request of President William Howard Taft and Governor Regis Henri Post.
However, the Foraker Act now levied customs specifically on imports from Puerto Rico. Downes disputed its constitutionality on the grounds that such duties were under the jurisdiction of Article I, Section 8, of the US Constitution , which provides that "all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States."
The Foraker Act and subsequent Supreme Court cases established Puerto Rico as the first unincorporated territory, meaning that the United States Constitution would not fully apply to Puerto Rico. Though the U.S. imposed tariffs on most Puerto Rican imports, it also invested in the island's infrastructure and education system; the goal was to ...
In December 1888, Gov. Joseph B. Foraker learned the names of many White Caps, and the group agreed to disband rather than be outed to their neighbors, according to a New York Times report. Some ...
In 1900, the US Congress passed the first Organic Act, known as the Foraker Act, to regulate the status of Puerto Rico and establish a civilian government. [25] It created a legislature, over which the US Congress retained authority to annul laws [26] and established that while Puerto Ricans were US nationals, they were territorial citizens. [27]