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Alanine is the simplest α-amino acid after glycine. The methyl side-chain of alanine is non-reactive and is therefore hardly ever directly involved in protein function. [12] Alanine is a nonessential amino acid, meaning it can be manufactured by the human body, and does not need to be obtained through the diet. Alanine is found in a wide ...
Alanine and Cori cycles. The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, [1] is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver. [2] It is quite similar to the Cori cycle in the cycling of nutrients between skeletal muscle and the liver. [1]
Alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-alanine + H 2 O + NAD + pyruvate + NH 3 + NADH + H +. The 2 substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine, water, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + because water is 55M and does not change, whereas its 4 products are pyruvate, ammonia, NADH, and hydrogen ion.
β-Alanine (beta-alanine) is a naturally occurring beta amino acid, which is an amino acid in which the amino group is attached to the β-carbon (i.e. the carbon two carbon atoms away from the carboxylate group) instead of the more usual α-carbon for alanine (α-alanine). The IUPAC name for β-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid. Unlike its ...
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. [citation needed] Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich. [1] Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver [2] from beta-alanine and histidine.
The three substrates of the enzymatic reaction are an L-amino acid, water, and oxygen, whereas the three products are the corresponding α-keto acid (2-oxo acid), ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. One example of the enzyme in action occurs with the conversion L-alanine into pyruvic acid (2-oxopropanoic acid), as shown in Figure 1.
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β-Methylamino-L-alanine, or BMAA, is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria. BMAA is a neurotoxin . Its potential role in various neurodegenerative disorders is the subject of scientific research.