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The voiceless alveolar fricatives are a type of fricative consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are at least six types with significant perceptual differences:
voiceless and voiced uvular fricative (or voiced uvular approximant) χ, ʁ or χ, ʁ̞: broad transcriptions in Hindi, Arabic and Hebrew transcriptions ẋ: x with dot: voiceless uvular fricative: χ: used by Americanists: X: uppercase x: voiceless uvular fricative: χ: a mistake Y: uppercase y: voiced labial–palatal approximant: ɥ: a ...
Verner's law describes a historical sound change in the Proto-Germanic language whereby consonants that would usually have been the voiceless fricatives *f, *þ, *s, *h, *hʷ, following an unstressed syllable, became the voiced fricatives * β, *ð, *z, *ɣ, *ɣʷ. [a] The law was formulated by Karl Verner, and first published in 1877.
Standard Tibetan, for example, has a voiceless /l̥/ in Lhasa, which sounds similar to but is less noisy than the voiceless lateral fricative /ɬ/ in Welsh; it contrasts with a modally voiced /l/. Welsh contrasts several voiceless sonorants: /m, m̥/, /n, n̥/, /ŋ, ŋ̊/, and /r, r̥/, the last represented by "rh".
The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental , alveolar , and postalveolar lateral fricatives is [ɬ] , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K .
H-dropping or aitch-dropping is the deletion of the voiceless glottal fricative or "H-sound", [h].The phenomenon is common in many dialects of English, and is also found in certain other languages, either as a purely historical development or as a contemporary difference between dialects.
The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.It is familiar to most English speakers as the 'th' in think.Though rather rare as a phoneme among the world's languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential ones.
The fricative component is apical. Contrasts with a laminal affricate with a dentalized fricative component. [5] Catalan [27] potser [puˈt̻͡s̺(ː)e] 'maybe' The fricative component is apical. Only restricted to morpheme boundaries, some linguistics do not consider it a phoneme (but a sequence of [t] + [s]).