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Common sites for squamous metaplasia include the bladder and cervix. Smokers often exhibit squamous metaplasia in the linings of their airways. These changes don't signify a specific disease, but rather usually represent the body's response to stress or irritation. Vitamin A deficiency or overdose can also lead to squamous metaplasia. [1]
Microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) of the cervix is an epithelial (endocervical mucosa) benign abnormality (lesion) associated with gland proliferation. [1] [2] It can terminate in mature squamous metaplasia, and it is suspected reserve cells are involved in this process, perhaps in the form of reserve cell hyperplasia with glandular differentiation.
The cells on the 'outside' of the cervix are typically squamous epithelial cells. Where the two cells meet is called the transformation zone, also known as the stratified squamous epithelium . Cervical ectropion can be grossly indistinguishable from early cervical cancer and must be evaluated by a physician to determine risks and prognosis.
Cervicitis is inflammation of the uterine cervix. [1] Cervicitis in women has many features in common with urethritis in men and many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections . Non-infectious causes of cervicitis can include intrauterine devices , contraceptive diaphragms , and allergic reactions to spermicides or latex condoms . [ 2 ]
Nabothian cysts are also incidentally found during MRI imaging. During the healing process of chronic cervicitis, squamous epithelium of ectocervix proliferates and enter the cervical canal (endocervix), covering and obstructing the columnar epithelium of endocervical glands. Thus, retention of mucus in the endocervical glands causes cyst ...
Squamous metaplasia of the cervix, with typical features. Pap stain. Pap tests commonly examine epithelial abnormalities, such as metaplasia, dysplasia, or borderline changes, all of which may be indicative of CIN. Nuclei will stain dark blue, squamous cells will stain green and keratinised cells will stain pink/ orange.
CIN most commonly occurs at the squamocolumnar junction of the cervix, a transitional area between the squamous epithelium of the vagina and the columnar epithelium of the endocervix. [2] It can also occur in vaginal walls and vulvar epithelium. CIN is graded on a 1–3 scale, with 3 being the most abnormal (see classification section below).
A koilocyte is a squamous epithelial cell that has undergone a number of structural changes, which occur as a result of infection of the cell by human papillomavirus (HPV). [1] Identification of these cells by pathologists can be useful in diagnosing various HPV-associated lesions.