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Each screen character is represented by two bytes aligned as a 16-bit word accessible by the CPU in a single operation. The lower (or character) byte is the actual code point for the current character set, and the higher (or attribute) byte is a bit field used to select various video attributes such as color, blinking, character set, and so forth. [6]
The second is the full-screen mode. In Windows XP and earlier, the full-screen console uses a hardware text mode and uploads a raster font to the video adapter. This is analogous to a text system console. This early full-screen mode only supports VGA-compatible text modes, giving it a maximum character resolution of 80 columns by 28 rows. [2]
Normally a character cell has 8 scan lines, 0–7. So, CX=0607h is a normal underline cursor, CX=0007h is a full-block cursor. If bit 5 of CH is set, that often means "Hide cursor". So CX=2607h is an invisible cursor. Some video cards have 16 scan lines, 00h-0Fh. Some video cards don't use bit 5 of CH. With these, make Start>End (e.g. CX=0706h)
The library loaded graphic drivers (*.BGI) and vector fonts (*.CHR) from disk in order to provide device independent graphics support. It was possible for the programmer to embed the graphic driver into the executable file by linking the graphic driver as object code with the aid of a utility provided by the compiler (bgiobj.exe).
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Writing a device driver requires an in-depth understanding of how the hardware and the software works for a given platform function. Because drivers require low-level access to hardware functions in order to operate, drivers typically operate in a highly privileged environment and can cause system operational issues if something goes wrong.
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The new API will do away with automatic resource-management and pipeline-management tasks and allow developers to take full low-level control of adapter memory and rendering states. The display driver model from Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone have converged into a unified model for Windows 10. [43]