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  2. List of effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_effects

    Einstein–de Haas effect (science) Electro-optic effect (nonlinear optics) Electrocaloric effect (cooling technology) (heat pumps) Electron-cloud effect (particle accelerators) (physics) Electroviscous effects (colloid chemistry) (surface chemistry) ELIZA effect (artificial intelligence) (human–computer interaction) (propositional fallacies)

  3. Field effect (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_effect_(chemistry)

    This cubane derivative has four linkers but the acidic proton still feels the same effect from the C-X dipole because the interaction is a field effect. [ 11 ] In the cis-11,12-dichloro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethano-2-anthroic acid syn and anti isomers seen below and to the left, the chlorines provide a field effect.

  4. Ground effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_effect

    Ground effect may refer to: Ground effect (aerodynamics), the increased lift and decreased aerodynamic drag of a wing close to a fixed surface; Ground effect (cars), an effect that creates downforce, primarily in racing cars; Ground-effect vehicle, a vehicle which attains level flight near the surface of the Earth due to ground effect

  5. Ground effect (aerodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_effect_(aerodynamics)

    During takeoff, ground effect can cause the aircraft to "float" while below the recommended climb speed. The pilot can then fly just above the runway while the aircraft accelerates in ground effect until a safe climb speed is reached. [2] For rotorcraft, ground effect results in less drag on the rotor during hovering close to the ground. At ...

  6. Multiplicity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity_(chemistry)

    For example, the ground state of a carbon atom is 3 P (Term symbol). The superscript three (read as triplet) indicates that the multiplicity 2S+1 = 3, so that the total spin S = 1. This spin is due to two unpaired electrons, as a result of Hund's rule which favors the single filling of degenerate orbitals. The triplet consists of three states ...

  7. Quantum vacuum state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_vacuum_state

    The video of an experiment showing vacuum fluctuations (in the red ring) amplified by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.. If the quantum field theory can be accurately described through perturbation theory, then the properties of the vacuum are analogous to the properties of the ground state of a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, or more accurately, the ground state of a measurement ...

  8. Taft equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft_equation

    The Taft equation is often employed in biological chemistry and medicinal chemistry for the development of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs). In a recent example, Sandri and co-workers [13] have used Taft plots in studies of polar effects in the aminolysis of β-lactams.

  9. Chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

    Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.