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A typical evaporative, forced draft open-loop cooling tower rejecting heat from the condenser water loop of an industrial chiller unit Natural draft wet cooling hyperboloid towers at Didcot Power Station (UK) Forced draft wet cooling towers (height: 34 meters) and natural draft wet cooling tower (height: 122 meters) in Westphalia, Germany Natural draft wet cooling tower in Dresden (Germany)
The steam is subsequently condensed via cooled water from a tertiary loop and returned to the steam generator to be heated once again. The tertiary cooling water may be recirculated to cooling towers where it sheds waste heat before returning to condense more steam. Once-through tertiary cooling may otherwise be provided by a river, lake, or ocean.
Makeup water was drawn from the river to replace the water lost via evaporation in the cooling towers. Once-through the cooling towers, river water was used in the service water system, cooling auxiliary components and removing decay heat when the reactor was shut down. On February 17, 1979, TMI-1 went offline for refueling.
The cooling tower at Callaway is 553 feet (169 m) tall. It is 430 feet wide at the base, and is constructed from reinforced concrete. It cools about 585,000 US gallons (2,210,000 L; 487,000 imp gal) of water per minute when the plant is operating at full capacity; about 15,000 US gallons (57,000 L; 12,000 imp gal) of water per minute are lost ...
In 1974, a cooling tower was added, [4] and another boiler unit was built, expanding the plant's capacity to 450 MW. [ 4 ] [ 8 ] The smoke stack was replaced in 1987, designed to look like a lighthouse.
Because this includes cooling the systems that remove decay heat from both the primary system and the spent fuel rod cooling ponds, the ESWS is a safety-critical system. [7] Since the water is frequently drawn from an adjacent river, the sea, or other large body of water, the system can be fouled by seaweed, marine organisms, oil pollution, ice ...
The use of a hyperboloid cooling tower at the station has been mistaken as evidence for a nuclear power plant at this location when in fact there are no nuclear power plants in the state of Indiana. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the Bailly Generating Station approximately 17 km to the south-southwest but was canceled in 1981.
A steam–electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam-driven: water is heated, evaporates, and spins a steam turbine which drives an electric generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. The greatest variation in the design of steam–electric power plants is due ...